Tsohon shugaban ƙasar Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade, ya cika shekara 100 da haihuwa a ranar Juma'a, 29 ga watan Mayun 2026. Wade, wanda shi ne shugaban ƙasa na uku a tarihin Senegal, ya jagoranci ƙasar daga shekarar 2000 zuwa 2012. Bikin cika shekarunsa ya zama wani muhimmin lokaci na tunawa da doguwar rayuwarsa da kuma gwagwarmayar siyasar da ya shafe shekaru yana yi, tun daga lokacin da yake adawa har zuwa lokacin da ya dare kan karagar mulki, da kuma tasirinsa a siyasar Senegal da ma nahiyar Afirka baki ɗaya.
Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi
An haifi Abdoulaye Wade a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1926 a garin Saint-Louis. Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko, ya tafi ƙasar Faransa inda ya samu manyan shaidun digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a da kuma tattalin arziƙi. Ya yi karatu a birane da suka haɗa da Besançon da kuma Paris. Ya kuma zama marubuci, inda ya wallafa littattafai da dama a kan fannukan da ya karanta da ma siyasar Afirka.
Daga cikin muhimman ayyukansa na ilimi, Wade ya wallafa wani littafi mai suna ‘Mathématiques économiques’ a shekarar 1964. Wannan littafi ya mayar da hankali ne kan ilimin lissafi a fannin tattalin arziƙi. Shekaru bayan haka, a shekarar 1989, ya sake buga wani littafi mai taken ‘Un destin pour l’Afrique’, inda ya yi nazari kan makomar nahiyar Afirka.
Hawa Kan Karagar Mulki
Bayan shafe shekaru da dama yana gwagwarmayar siyasa a matsayin ɗan adawa, an zaɓi Abdoulaye Wade a matsayin shugaban ƙasar Senegal a watan Maris na shekarar 2000, yana da shekaru 74 a duniya. Kafin wannan nasara tasa, ya kafa jam'iyyarsa ta Parti Démocratique Sénégalais, wato PDS, a shekarar 1974, wadda ta zama babbar dandalinsa na siyasa. A lokacin da yake kan mulki, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa shirin NEPAD, wato Sabuwar Haɗin Gwiwa don Ci Gaban Afirka. Wannan shiri ne da shugabannin Afirka suka ƙirƙiro domin bunƙasa tattalin arziƙi da inganta shugabanci na gari a nahiyar. Ya yi amfani da wannan dandalin wajen ƙara ƙarfafa alaƙar Senegal da sauran ƙasashen duniya, tare da neman hanyoyin samar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa ga nahiyar Afirka baki ɗaya.
Kalubale da Karewar Mulki
Duk da nasarorin da aka samu, wa'adin mulkin Abdoulaye Wade ya fuskanci ƙalubale masu tsanani. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, wata ƙungiyar zanga-zanga da aka fi sani da M23 ta fito ƙarara don nuna adawa da yunƙurinsa na yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar kwaskwarima. Masu zanga-zangar sun kuma nuna damuwarsu kan zargin cewa Wade na shirin miƙa mulki ga ɗansa, Karim Wade, a wani abin da suka kira gadon mulki irin na masarauta. Wannan yunkuri ya haifar da tashin hankali da zanga-zanga a sassan ƙasar, inda mutane da dama suka nuna rashin amincewarsu da wannan mataki.
Wannan takaddama da sauran matsaloli sun raunana matsayinsa a idon jama'a, wanda hakan ya kai ga faɗuwarsa a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 2012. A zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris na waccan shekarar, Wade ya sha kaye a hannun Macky Sall, wanda a da ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin firaministansa. Wannan shan kaye ya kawo ƙarshen mulkinsa na shekaru goma sha biyu a kan karagar mulkin Senegal.
Gwarzon Shugabanni da Al'adun Afirka
Ana yi wa Abdoulaye Wade kallon shaihin tsofaffin shugabannin ƙasa a nahiyar Afirka ba tare da jayayya ba. A lokacin shugabancinsa, an gudanar da wasu manyan ayyukan raya ƙasa da suka haɗa da babbar hanyar mota mai biyan kuɗi ta Dakar zuwa Diamniadio. Haka nan, an ƙaddamar da aikin gina sabon filin jirgin sama na Blaise Diagne, wanda aka fi sani da AIBD, da kuma gina babbar mutum-mutumi ta Renaissance africaine. Waɗannan ayyuka sun zama alamomin ci gaban da aka samu a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa.
Cika shekara 100 da Abdoulaye Wade ya yi ya sanya shi zama tsohon shugaban ƙasa na farko a Afirka da ya kai wannan shekaru na alama a rubuce kuma a bayyane. Wannan abin tarihi ne da ke ƙara tabbatar da tsawon rai da kuma gagarumar gudunmawar da ya bayar a fagen siyasar Senegal da ma na nahiyar baki ɗaya, wanda hakan ya ba shi wani matsayi na musamman a cikin jerin tsofaffin shugabannin duniya.
